What led to economic challenges for the Ottoman Empire after Süleyman's reign?

The closure of trade routes had a significant impact on the Ottoman Empire's economy following the reign of Süleyman. During his time, the empire thrived due to its control over key trade routes connecting Europe and Asia. After Süleyman's reign, various geopolitical shifts—including the rise of competing powers and shifts in trade dynamics—began to restrict the Ottoman's access to these lucrative routes.

Additionally, the discovery of new trade paths to Asia, particularly around Africa via the Cape of Good Hope, meant that European nations began to bypass the Ottoman-controlled areas. This situation diminished the empire's status as a critical nexus of trade, leading to a decline in revenue from trade tariffs and reducing overall economic vitality.

This economic downturn was compounded by other factors, such as increased competition from European nations and rising local powers, but the immediate and direct effect of the closure of crucial trade routes had profound implications for the empire's long-term economic stability.