What did the Meiji Restoration initiate in Japan?

The Meiji Restoration, which began in 1868, marked a pivotal transformation in Japan's political, social, and economic structure. This period initiated a program of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism aimed at modernizing Japan and strengthening it to compete with Western powers.

Centralization involved dismantling the feudal system that had long governed Japan, which enabled the establishment of a centralized government that could enact reforms uniformly across the country. Industrialization was emphasized through the adoption of Western technologies and methods, leading to significant advancements in infrastructure, manufacturing, and military capabilities. This shift not only transformed Japan's economy but also created a new societal dynamic, as urban areas grew and new social classes emerged.

Additionally, the drive towards imperialism was a reflection of Japan's aspirations to become a major global power. The government believed that by expanding its territory and influence, Japan could safeguard its sovereignty against Western domination while also acquiring resources and markets.

A return to feudal government, increased isolation from Western influence, or a civil war among Japanese clans did not characterize the Meiji Restoration; instead, the focus was on modernization and integration into the global order. Thus, the correct answer encapsulates the transformative nature of the Meiji Restoration, which set the stage for