Aristotle is primarily recognized as:

Aristotle is primarily recognized as a Greek philosopher who had a profound impact on Western thought. His contributions span a wide range of subjects, including ethics, metaphysics, politics, and natural sciences. Aristotle's works established the foundation for various fields of study and philosophical inquiry. He introduced systematic methodologies for studying the natural world and provided frameworks for understanding human behavior and government. His ideas on virtue ethics, the nature of reality, and the classification of knowledge have shaped philosophical discourse and educational curricula throughout history, deeply influencing figures such as Thomas Aquinas and the development of modern science and Western philosophy.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent his historical significance or contributions. He was not a founder of modern economics, nor did he author "The Republic," which is actually credited to Plato. While Aristotle did engage with mathematics, he is not primarily characterized as a mathematician specializing in geometry. Instead, his legacy lies in his extensive philosophical work that continues to resonate across various disciplines.